In different resources allocation patterns, preference is one of the main characteristics in the order parameter STA4783 of the network. In Fig. 7, the order parameter ψψ is distributed evenly in the trapezoidal area under four resources allocation patterns. This shows a preference of a certain convex non-linear characteristic as demonstrated by the role each vector field plays (Fig. 6). To a certain extent, in the case of a preferred strategy of confrontation, the networks with transformation ratio non-linear characteristics evolve into complete technological network or social network. As discussed in the foregoing context, we identified four types of resource allocation patterns. The cooperation-oriented and relationship-oriented networks respectively prefer a confrontation strategy, while the randomly-oriented and knowledge-embedded networks prefer investment in social capital and to carry out technological cooperation. In strategic alliances, when organizations are vague and even unfamiliar with perceiving the impact of technological and social network on knowledge creation efficiency (i.e., the partnership is not yet mature and network evolution is in the early stages), organizations prefer to independently establish and maintain social relationship. In this case, the efficiency of collaborations between organizations within the strategic alliance is rather low. Some companies with low transparency and selfish willingness in cooperation will engage in opportunism, while a “good partner” that engages in high transparency and good willingness becomes the objective of opportunism carried out by other alliance enterprises [7], [13], [17] and [18]. Consequently, increasing competition between organizations undermines cooperative innovation activities in strategic alliances [45], resulting in failed co-evolution of knowledge flows in a cooperative network.
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