Titanium dioxide (TiO2), a metal oxide semiconductor, CCT251545 a promising photocatalyst due to its desirable catalytic efficiency, chemical stability, low toxicity, and acceptable cost (Egerton and Tooley, 2004 and Tong et?al., 2013). Nano-TiO2 exhibits good adhesiveness and bactericidal activities and has been used as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) additive in medical devices and biomaterials (Kochkodan, Tsarenko, Potapchenko, Kosinova, & Goncharuk, 2008). However, the commercial applications of nano-TiO2 are limited due to its unstable thermodynamic properties and tendency to agglomerate. The photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2 is activated by UV light in the presence of oxygen and water molecules, and it results in the production of reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radical that are responsible for the bactericidal function (Banerjee, Gopal, Muraleedharan, Tyagi, & Raj, 2006). Thus UV light exposure is necessary for nano-TiO2 to exert strong antibacterial activity, beyond that achieved with either UV exposure alone or nano-TiO2 alone (Banerjee et al., 2006). Titanium dioxide coating on substrates is considered to be a contact-active antibacterial agent because it kills bacteria in close proximity efficiently without releasing biocides, and its antibacterial performance is restricted to the coated surface (Yuan, Ji, Fu, & Shen, 2008).
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