Flexible and transparent NWFETs chips that enable simultaneous optical imaging and electronic recording in configurations that are not readily accessible with traditional planar device chips were fabricated on thin polymer substrates and interfaced to beating embryonic chicken hearts [36]. A bent device chip with concave surface facing a beating Salubrinal (Fig. 8a) shows that the NWFET/heart can be readily examined with microscope. This allows for visual orientation of the device array to the heart and higher resolution imaging through the transparent substrate (Fig. 8b). Recording from the whole heart can also be realized in a convex configuration, where the heart/device interface is on the convex side of the bent chip (Fig. 8c). A representative trace recorded from the beating heart is show in Fig. 8d [36]. The excellent SNR signal, which correlates with the spontaneous beating of the heart, shows an initial sharp peak followed by a slower phase, where these two phases can be attributed to transient ion-channel currents and mechanical motion, respectively.
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